HA Multiservice Procedures for Humanitarian Assistance Operations
FM 100-23-1
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OVERVIEW Humanitarian assistance (HA) is different things to different audiences. It may be confused with peace operations, given the development of crises in Somalia, the Former Republic of Yugoslavia, and Northern Iraq. Although HA operations may be conducted simultaneously with peace operations, they are different in nature and purpose. This chapter discusses the terminology and types of operations, range of operations, environments of operations, and principles of operations peculiar to HA. United States (US) military forces tasked for HA operations include all active and reserve components of the US Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force and, when applicable, the Coast Guard. The objective of these military forces is to execute humanitarian missions when directed by cognizant legal authority. TERMINOLOGY HA includes programs conducted to relieve or reduce the results of natural or man-made disasters or other endemic conditions such as human pain, disease, hunger, or privation that might present a serious threat to life or result in great damage or loss of property. HA provided by US forces is limited in scope and duration. The assistance is designed to supplement or complement the efforts of the host nation civil authorities or agencies that may have the primary responsibility for providing HA1. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are predominantly European national or international, nonprofit citizen's voluntary organizations. They are involved in such diverse activities as education, technical projects, relief, and refugee and development programs. Examples of NGOs include, but are not limited to, religious; peace, disarmament, environmental, development, and human rights groups. Private voluntary organizations (PVOs) are private, US-based, nonprofit organizations involved in humanitarian efforts including, but not limited to, relief, development, refugee assistance, environment, public policy, or global education. International organizations (IOs) are organizations, such as the United Nations (UN) and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), with global influence. Peace operations is the umbrella term that encompasses three types of activities--activities with predominantly diplomatic lead (preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peace building) and two complementary, predominantly military, activities (peacekeeping and peace-enforcement). Peacekeeping (PK) operations are neutral military or paramilitary operations that are undertaken with the consent of all major belligerents. They are designed to monitor and facilitate implementation of an existing truce and support diplomatic efforts to reach a long-term political settlement. Peace-enforcement (PE) is the application of military force, or the threat of its use, normally pursuant to international authorization, to compel compliance with generally accepted resolutions or sanctions designed to maintain or restore peace and support diplomatic efforts to reach a long-term political settlement. The primary purpose of PE is the restoration of peace under conditions broadly defined by the international community. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword Preface Executive Summary Chapter 1 - Overview
Chapter 2 - Strategic-Level Roles and Coordination
Chapter 3 - Operational-Level Roles and Responsibilities
Chapter 4 - Tactical-Level Organization and Coordination
Chapter 5 - Domestic Operations
Appendix A - JTF Humanitarian Assistance
Operations from 1983 through 1993
Appendix B - Legal Issues
Appendix C - Listing of Nongovernmental
and Private Voluntary Organizations
Appendix D - United Nations Organizations
for Humanitarian Assistance
Appendix E - Situation and Needs
Assessment
Appendix F - DOD and Office and Foreign
Disaster Assistance Support
Appendix G - Disaster Assistance Response
Team
Appendix H - Liaison Officers' Procedures
and Checks
Appendix I - Insignia of the United States
Armed Forces
Appendix J - Lessons Learned from Recent
HA Operations
Glossary
References Authorization Letter
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FM 100-23-1, US Army Training and Doctrine
Command, Fort Monroe, Virginia
FMFRP 7-16, Marine Corps Combat Development Command, Quantico, Virginia
NDC TACNOTE 3-07.6, Naval Doctrine Command, Norfolk, Virginia
ACCP 50-56, US Air Force Air Combat Command, Langley Air Force Base,
Virginia
USAFEP 50-56, US Air Forces Europe, Ramstein Air Force Base, Germany
PACAFP 50-56, Pacific Air Forces, Hickman Air Force Base, Hawaii
31 October 1994
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