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FMST Student Manual - 2008 Web Edition*
Marine Corps Reserve: The United States Marine Corps Reserve (MARFORRES) is responsible for providing trained units and qualified individuals to be mobilized for active duty in time of war, national emergency, or contingency operations, and provide personnel and operational tempo relief for active component forces in peacetime. MARFORRES, like the active forces, consists of a combined arms force with balanced ground, aviation, and combat service support units. MARFORRES is organized under the Commander, MARFORRES. Their headquarters is located in New Orleans, LA. Supporting Establishments: The Marine Corps supporting establishments consists of those personnel, bases, and activities that support the Marine Corps Operating Forces. The supporting establishment also includes: - Marine Corps Recruiting Command - Marine Corps Combat Development Command - Marine Corps Systems Command - Training activities and formal schools 4. CHAINS OF COMMAND WITHIN THE MARINE CORPS There are two parallel chains of command within the Marine Corps. Depending on the issue or task, they will either fall under the Service Chain or the Operational Chain of Command. The Service Chain of Command is used for things that are specifically inherent to the Marine Corps. Examples would include anything from purchasing new tanks to establishing rules for the use of tuition assistance. Theses topics, whether large or small, only affect the Marine Corps. The top portion of the service chain is listed below: Service Chain of Command - President - Secretary of Defense - Secretary of the Navy - Commandant of the Marine Corps
The Operational Chain of Command is used to direct forces in conjunction with operational or functional missions. Often times this involves other services outside the Marine Corps. The Operational Chain of command break down is listed below: Operational Chain of Command - President - Secretary of Defense - Commanders of Combatant commands 5. Marine Air/GROUND Task Force (MAGTF) (see figure 1) Definition and Purpose - the MAGTF is a balanced, air-ground combined arms task organization of Marine Corps forces under a single commander, structured to accomplish a specific mission. It is the Marine Corps’ organization for missions across the range of military operations. It is designed to fight while having the ability to prevent conflicts and control crisis. MAGTFs are flexible, task-organized forces that are capable of responding rapidly to a broad range of crisis and conflict situations. Capability - all MAGTFs are task organized and vary in size and capability according to the assigned mission, threat, and battle space environment. The MAGTF is primarily organized and equipped to conduct amphibious operations as part of naval expeditionary forces. MAGTFs are also capable of sustained combat operations ashore. Structure - each MAGTF, regardless of size or mission has the same basic structure. A MAGTF consists of four core elements: Command, Aviation, Ground, and Logistics Combat Element. As the Ground Combat Element grows in size, the Aviation, Logistics, and Command elements must also become larger.
Four Core Elements of a MAGTF a. Command Element (CE) - the CE contains the MAGTF headquarters and other units that provide intelligence, communication, and administrative support. The CE is scalable and task organized to provide the command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, and joint interoperability necessary for effective planning and execution of operations.b. Ground Combat Element (GCE) - the GCE is task organized to conduct ground operations to support the MAGTF mission. This element includes infantry, artillery, reconnaissance, armor, light armor, assault amphibian, engineer, and other forces, as needed. The GCE can vary in size and composition.c. Aviation Combat Element (ACE) - the ACE conducts offensive and defensive air operations and is task organized to perform those functions of Marine aviation required to support the MAGTF mission.d. Logistics Combat Element (LCE) - the LCE is task organized to provide the full range of combat service support functions and capabilities necessary to maintain the continued readiness and sustainability of the MAGTF as a whole. The LCE may vary in size and composition.6. TYPES OF MAGTFS - there are four basic MAGTF organizations: Marine Expeditionary Force, Marine Expeditionary Brigade, Marine Expeditionary Unit, and Special Purpose MAGTFs.Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) (see figure 2)
Definition of Capabilities - the largest standing MAGTF. The MEF is the principal Marine Corps war fighting organization. It is capable of missions across the range of military operations, through amphibious assault and sustained operations ashore in any environment. Each MEF is comprised of a Command Element (CE), Marine Division (GCE), Marine Aircraft Wing (ACE), and a Marine Logistics Group (LCE). The three standing MEFs provide a reservoir of capabilities and combat power from which all smaller MAGTFs are formed. There are three standing MEFs: I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF) - elements located in California and Arizona: 1st Marine Division (1st MARDIV) - Camp Pendleton, CA 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (3rd MAW) - Miramar San Diego, CA 1st Marine Logistics Group (1st MLG) - Camp Pendleton, CA II Marine Expeditionary Force (II MEF) - elements located in North and South Carolina: 2nd Marine Division (2nd MARDIV) - Camp Lejeune, NC 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2nd MAW) - Cherry Point, NC 2nd Marine Logistics Group (2nd MLG) - Camp Lejeune, NC III Marine Expeditionary Force (III MEF) - elements located in Hawaii and Japan: 3rd Marine Division (3rd MARDIV) - Okinawa, Japan 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (1st MAW) - Okinawa, Japan 3rd Marine Logistics Group (3rd MLG) - Okinawa, Japan Each MEF is commanded by either a Lieutenant General or Major General and consists of anywhere from 20,000 to 90,000 personnel. A MEF generally deploys on Amphibious Assault Ships with support from Military Sealift Command (MSC) and Maritime Pre-positioned Force (MPF) vessels and takes with it 60 days worth of supplies. Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB) (see figure 3)Definition of Capabilities - this is a medium sized non-standing MAGTF that is task organized to respond to a full range of crises, from forcible entry to humanitarian assistance. MEBs are not standing forces, and are formed only in times of need. An example is post 9/11, the 4th MEB and 2nd MEB were formed to respond to combat and peacekeeping contingencies in Afghanistan and Iraq. A MEB is commanded by a Brigadier General or Major General and consists of anywhere from 3,000 to 20,000 personnel. It also generally deploys on Amphibious Assault Ships with support from Military Sealift Command (MSC) and Maritime Pre-positioned Force (MPF) vessels and takes with it 30 days worth of supplies.Elements consist of:Command Element (CE) Ground Combat Element (GCE) = Marine Regiment (MARREG) Aviation Combat Element (ACE) = Marine Aircraft Group (MAG) Logistics Combat Element (LCE) = Combat Logistics Regiment (CLR) Marine Expeditionary Unit, Special Operations Capable (MEU (SOC)) (see figure 4)Definition of Capabilities - the standard forward deployed Marine expeditionary organization. A MEU is task organized to be a forward deployed presence and designed to be the “First on the scene” force. A MEU is capable of a wide range of small scale contingencies, to include: - Noncombatant evacuation - Maritime interdictions - Tactical recovery of aircraft and/or personnel - Humanitarian/civic actions - Military operations other than war. Prior to deployment, a MEU undergoes an intensive six month training program, focusing on its conventional and selected maritime special operations missions. The training culminates with a thorough evaluation and certification as “Special Operations Capable (SOC).” In addition to possessing conventional capabilities, MEU (SOC)s are augmented with selected detachments to provide enhanced capabilities. A MEU is commanded by a Colonel and consists of anywhere from 1,500 to 3,000 personnel. It generally deploys on naval vessels and takes with it 15 days worth of supplies.Elements consist of:Command Element (CE) Ground Combat Element (GCE) = Marine Infantry Battalion Landing Team (BLT) Aviation Combat Element (ACE) = Composite Marine Squadrons (Rotary wing with a complement of fixed wing aircraft, depending on mission) Logistics Combat Element (LCE) = Combat Logistics Battalion (CLB)
Definition of Capabilities - the SPMAGTF is a non-standing MAGTF temporarily formed to conduct a specific mission. It is normally formed when a standing MAGTF is unavailable or inappropriate. Their designation derives from the mission they are assigned, the location in which they will operate, or the name of the operation in which they will participate. (i.e., SPMAGTF Somalia, SPMAGTF Katrina etc.). These MAGTFs vary in size and composition based on the individual mission.
Figure 5. MAGTF Organization REFERENCES MCRP 5-12D, Organization of Marine Corps Forces: Ch 1, 2 MCDP 1-0 Marine Corps Operations, Ch 3: Pgs 3-10 through 3-20 U.S. Marine Corps Concepts and Programs 2007: Appendix A REV: Jul 2008 Organizational Structure Review 1. List the four broad categories of the Marine Corps. 2. List the four elements of a Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF). 3. Describe a Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF). 4. List the Ground Combat Element, Aviation Combat Element, and Logistic Combat Element for a Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB)
*The FMST Student Manual was produced by the Field Medical Training Battalion-East, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. This 2008 web edition has been enhanced by the Brookside Associates, Ltd., preserving all of the original text material, while augmenting, modifying, eliminating or replacing some of the graphics to comply with privacy and copyright laws, and to enhance the training value. These enhancements are marked with a red box □ and are C. 2008, with all rights reserved.
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